Flow of Control

In a program, the statements may get executed
- Sequentially
- Selectively (Decision construct)
- Iteratively (Looping construct)

Selection Statements

Dangling else

In nested if, the dangling else statement matches with the preceding unmatched if statement.

if (condition 1)
    if (condition 2)
        // Something
else
    // Something

This will be interpreted as the following, by compiler

if (condition 1)
    if (condition 2)
        // Something
    else
        // Something

Switch case

We cannot use floating point comparisons.
Switch cases are faster than if else ladder.
We can write the default anywhere inside the switch block.

Iteration Statements

for loop
while loop
do while loop

Jump Statements

break
- Immediately exits the closest enclosing loop or switch.
continue
- Skips the remaining code in the current iteration
- Jumps to the next iteration
- Works only in loops
goto
- Works inside the same function
- It Uses labels

label:
    // code

goto label;

return
- Exits the function immediately
- Optionally returns a value

Last modified: 08 February 2026