C++ Notes Help

Pairs

std::pair<T1, T2>
  • It stores:

    • first → type T1

    • second → type T2

pair<int, string> p = {1, "apple"};

When to use ?

  • Return two values from a function

  • Store key–value-like data without a full struct

  • Use it inside map, set, priority_queue, etc.

Initialisation

pair<int, int> p(10, 20); pair<int, int> p = {10, 20}; auto p = make_pair(10, "hello");

Accessing values

cout << p.first << " " << p.second;

Pair comparison

Pairs are compared lexicographically.

  • Order:

    • Compare first

    • If equal, compare second

pair<int, int> a = {1, 5}; pair<int, int> b = {2, 1}; a < b // true

pair vs tuple

pair → exactly 2 values

tuple → 2 or more values

tuple<int, int, int> t;
Last modified: 08 February 2026